Dear students,
There are 2 useful videos about Singular and Plural here. Go to take a look for a better understanding in this topic.
(Videos attached)
Monday, November 9, 2009
Examples for Mixed Plurals
Dear students,
Some of you came to asked me today about mixed plurals. Here are some samples for mixed plurals which you can refer to your exercises in the text book.
Examples:
1. The rose is a beautiful flower.
- The roses are beautiful flowers.
2. The lady talked with her niece.
- The ladies talked with their nieces.
3. The case is too small for me.
- The cases are too small for us.
4. The cockroach scampered off when the light was turned on.
- The cockroaches scampered off when the lights were turned on.
Exercise - Irregular Plurals
1. A few _______ strayed into our compound. (cattle)
2. The _______ of today are as capable as the men. (woman)
3. The women in that community have large _______and hands. (foot)
4. The _______ in the store gnawed away at a sack of potatoes. (mouse)
5. Many _______ in some parts of the world still suffer from hunger. (child)
6. We must take good care of our ________ by making regular visits to the dentist. (tooth)
Exercise - Singular and Plural
Dear students,
Copy the exercises here into your exercise book 2, so that you can have more understanding on this topic.
Plurals : Nouns ending with 'y'
A. Insert in each sentence the plural form of the noun in brackets.
1. A few _________and gentlemen were selected to the committee.(lady)
2. The wild _______ are very sweet. (berry)
3. Many ________ around the world are polluted. (city)
4. The school janitor kept the _________ in his pocket. (key)
5. The _______ in the cages at the zoo looked very bored. (monkey)
6. The supermarket needs to provide more _________ for shoppers. (trolley)
Nouns ending with 'o'
1. We could hear _______ in the cave. (echo)
2. _______ contain a lot of vitamins. (tomato)
3. A sack of _________ is quite heavy. (potato)
4. _______ live near the Artic Circle. (Eskimo)
5. The two _______ in the hall need to be tuned. (piano)
6. There were many Greek ________ in ancient Greece. (hero)
Nouns ending in 's', 'sh', 'ch', 'x'
1. The mosque has many beautiful ________. (arch)
2. There were six _______of lemonade on the table. (glass)
3. All _______ are brightly-lit on Christmas Eve. (church)
4. The cut on his leg was so deep it needed five ________. (stitch)
5. The _______ were too heavy and had to be lifted with machines. (box)
6. The _______ were so dry that they could start burning in this hot
weather. (bush)
More On Grammar - Singular and Plural Nouns
Dear students,
I found out that most of you do not understand singular and plural nouns in the class today and most of you often misused it. Therefore, we are going to enhance more on this topic in order to make all of you fully understand.
A noun is a word that names a person, place or thing. Singular Noun is when a noun means one only, it is said to be singular. Examples: boy, girl, book, church, box while Plural Noun is when a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural. Examples: boys, girls, books, churches
Rule 1:
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding s to a singular noun.
Example: lamp, lamps; cat, cats; fork, forks; flower, flowers; pen, pens
Rule 2 :
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding es.
Example: moss, mosses buzz, buzzes box, boxes
dish, dishes church, churches
Special Note:
If you add s to such nouns as fox, bush, and bench, you will find that you cannot
pronounce them without making an additional syllable. This is why such nouns
form the plural by adding es.
Quick Review
Rule 3:
Nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing
y to ies. Examples: lady, ladies; city, cities; army, armies
Rule 4:
Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding s.
Example: boy, boys; day, days
Rule 5:
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by adding es. Example: hero; heroes; grotto, grottoes, motto, calico, buffalo ,hero, potato, cargo, volcano, grotto, mosquito* tomato
* tornado* buffalo* portico* veto
*may add s or es
The following are among those that add s only. Example, canto, solo, piano, lasso, halo , memento, albino, sirocco.
Special Note:
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel is formed into a plural by adding s.
Example: folio, folios; cameo; cameos; studio, studios; portfolio, portfolios.
Rule 6 :
Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to ves.
Example: beef, beeves; wife, wives
Exceptions: The following may form their plurals by adding s.
chief, chiefs fife, fifes mischief, mischiefs
hoof, hoofs roof, roofs grief, griefs
kerchief, kerchiefs safe, safes
Irregular
man, men foot, feet mouse, mice,woman, women tooth, teeth louse, lice, child, children ox, oxen goose, geese.
The following nouns have no singular:
scissors oats tongs dregs trousers, pinchers , bellows,hears, measles mumps, victuals, tweezers, vespers.
Some nouns are always singular. Some of these nouns may be used in the plural
when different kinds are meant as sugars, coffees, cottons, gold, silver, wheat, corn, molasses, copper, sugar, cotton,news, gallows, mathematics, ethics (other words ending in ics)
*Singular nouns use this and that.
*Plural nouns use these and those.
Grammar - Conditional Clause 'If'
Dear students,
We are going to learn conditional 'If' for today. 'If' is a conditional clause.
Example, If you see her, tell her I called.
If + subject + verb = result
An 'if' - conditional clause is combined with a statement of the result. If is a conditional clause which expressing a possible condition and the main sentence stating the result usually in the Future Tense.
Examples,
1) If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
2) If I don't teach you, you will not learn how to cook.
3) If we try very hard, we will succeed.
4) If we have the time, we can do many things.
5) If we do not have machines, life will be hard.
6) If we do not dream about new things, we cannot invent them.
Kindly click the link below and enhance yourself with the useful exercises there.
(Video attached):
Helpful Literature Notes - "How Dalat Got Its Name"
Dear students,
Here are some helpful literature notes for the short story - "How Dalat Got Its Name" as reference for your group assignment.
Themes:
a) Unity is important
- We must be united to help maintain peace and order in our lives. The village was peaceful and villagers lived happily when it was ruled by the wise old chief. After his death, the sons quarrelled about who should be the new chief. The disagreement between brothers severed their relationship and of their extended families. Soon, the villagers were taking sides and chaos followed.
b) Greed
- Greed for power and position will lead to disaster. It makes us selfishly pursue our personal interest without thought of the consequences of our actions on the people around us.
c) Respecting Customs and Our Elders
1. We must always respect traditions. The tradition of the people in the village says that the eldest son should be the new chief. Umat disregarded this and felt he should be the new chief. He felt that being taller and braver than Galau and leading an army made him the better candidate.
2. We must respect our elders. Umat was more concerned about knowing who his father was going to pick as the new chief that he pressed him to name the successor. He should have been more considerate and respectful of his dying father.
d) Wisdom Is Greater Than Physical Strength
- We must not underestimate the power of wisdom to help overcome the most difficult problem. Not every problem can be solved by physical strength. Having a good head on your shoulders is far better as it gives you choices in dealing with any problem. Some of the villagers thought that Galau was weak, not brave and not a war leader. In the end, the villagers realized that his wisdom was as good as another man's strength after he planned a good strategy to prepare for war against Umat and the enemies.
Moral Values:
a) Respecting Customs and Traditions
- We must respect customs as laws and tradition in a community help maintain peace and unity.
b) Being Loyal and Respectful To Our Elders
- We should be loyal and respectful to our family. Lutong tried many times to help his brothers come to an agreement as his father wanted him to give advice to the new chief. He also remained loyal to Galau and stayed in the village.
c) Being Forgiving
- Galau loved his brother even after he betrayed his family and villagers. He mourned and forgave him in the end.
d) Do Not Be Jealous and Proud
1. We should not be jealous of others. Instead be happy for them and support them in any way we can.
2. We must not be proud or think highly of ourselves. Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. Umat was very proud of his physical strength and ability to lead an army. He did not consider other attributes that make a good chief. He was blind to Galau's good traits.
e) Do Not Be Greedy or Over-Ambitious
- Greed and being over-ambitious can lead to our fall. Umat's extreme greed to be the new chief drove him to join forces with the enemies in order to take control by force. This only led to his demise.
Characters and Characteristics
a) Galau
-fair
-just
-wise and clever
-good to everyone
-peace-loving
-compassionate
-kind and forgiving
-has leadership qualities
b) Umat
-hot-tempered
-good leader
-brave
-proud and presumptuous
c) Lutong
-patient
-sensible
-fair
-respectful
-loyal and faithful
-concerned, loving and caring
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